Silk - The Queen of Fibers Essay -- Textiles

Silk, sometimes affectionately referred to as the â€Å"queen of fibers,† is the strongest natural fiber in the world, and it is used to make expensive cloth. There’s more to silk, though, than being great to make fine garments. Did you know that a thread of silk can be stronger than some kinds of steel? Probably not. We hope to give you more insight into the wonders of silk in our report. THE DISCOVERY OF SILK One of the only – if not the only – documentation on the discovery of silk is an ancient Chinese legend. According to this legend, silk was discovered in the garden of Emperor Huangdi around 2700 B.C.E. The mulberry trees in his garden were being destroyed, and he ordered his wife, Xilingshi, to go out there and see what was the cause of the damage done to his trees. When Xilingshi went out to examine the trees, she found white worms eating the leaves of the mulberry leaves and spinning shiny cocoons. She then accidentally dropped one of the cocoons into some hot water. And when she started playing with the cocoon in the water, long white strings disentangled themselves from the cocoon. It is said that this was how silk was discovered. Xilingshi then went to Emperor Huangdi to ask him to give her a grove of mulberry trees, in order for her to breed thousands of worms that would spin these beautiful cocoons. The king then obliged. Some accounts claim that she was the person who invented the silk reel, which is a device used to join fine silk filaments into a thread thick enough to be used for weaving. Others also credit her for being the maker of the first silk loom. How true these stories are still remain uncertain with historians. One thing they are sure about, though, is that silk was first used in China. The Ch... ...pired designs (like leaves or cherry blossom trees) or of animals (like dragons or phoenixes). Pictures of Chinese silk are on the last page of the report. Works Cited "History of Silk." Silkroad Foundation. Silkroad Foundation, 2000. Web. 16 Feb. 2011. . Hong, Lily Toy. The Empress and the Silkworm. Morton Grove, Illinois: Albert Whitman, 1995. Print. "Silk." World Book S-Sn Volume 17. 2004. Print. Textile Fabric Consultants Inc., Amy Willbanks. "Silk." www.fabrics.net/ amysilk.asp. fabrics INC, 19 Feb. 2011. Web. 19 Feb. 2011. . "Who smuggled the silkworm into japan + broke the silk monopoly of the Chinese?" Yahoo! Answers. Yahoo! Inc., 2008. Web. 16 Feb. 2011. .

Investment in Vietnam

GUIDEBOOK ON BUSINESS AND INVESTMENT IN VIETNAM BERLIN, 2011 FOREWORD Over the past two decades, Viet Nam’s economy has bee n developing rapidly owing to its â€Å"Doi moi† (Renovation) policy and activeness to integrate itself into the global economy. W ith its enormous efforts and determination, and effective cooperation with international partners and friends worldwide, Viet Nam is taking firm steps towards industrialization and modernization.With a stable political environment and great economic potentials, Viet Nam is an attractive destination for doing business and investment. The Government of Viet Nam has been ceaselessly endeavoring to improve the investment climate with the aim at creating an increasingly business-friendly environment in Viet Nam. Germany is the biggest economic partner of Viet Nam in Europe. The economic cooperation between the two countries has been fruitfully burgeoning.In an effort to further strengthen the economic cooperation between Vie t Nam and Germany, t he Embassy of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam in coordination with the relevant ministries of Viet Nam to publish the Guidebook on Business and Investment of Viet Nam, which is expected to provide German businesses with an overview of the Viet Nam’s economy and its business and investment climate.We are confident that German businesses can find helpful information and guidelines on investment and doing business in Viet Nam from the Guidebook, and thereby have a deeper understanding of the Viet Nam’s economy, a dynamically emerging and reliable destination for international investment flows. We deeply thank the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Planning and Investment of Viet Nam for their kind support and assistance. We would like to express our sincere thanks to Dr.Andreas Stoffers, Board Member of German Business Association Vietnam and Member Executive Committee Euroean Chamber of Commerce Vietman for reviewing this book. W e al so heartedly thank Marktforschung und Kommunikation GmbH for her great cooperation and excellent coordination in publishing the Guidebook. Dr. Do Hoa Binh Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of the S. R. Viet Nam to the Federal Republic of Germany 2 ABBREVIATION ASEAN BCC BOM BOT BT BTO CEPT CIT CPC DOLISA DPI EIAR EL EPC EPZ EU EZ FIC FOB GDP HTZ IL IZ JVC LTT LUR LURC MFN MOIT MOLISA MONRE MOST MPI NOIP ODA PCT PIT PPP RO SBV TTC USD VAT VCAD VNDW TO Association of Southeast Asian Nations Business co-operation contract Board of Management of IZs, EPZs, HTZs and EZs Build-operate-transfer (including its derivative forms, BTO and BT) Build-transfer Build-transfer-operate Common Effective Preferential Tariff Scheme Corporate income tax Civil Proceedings Code Provincial Department of Labour, War Invalids and Social Affairs Provincial Department of Planning and Investment Environmental impact assessment report Enterprise Law Environment protection commitment Export processing zone European Union Economic zone Foreign-invested company Free on board Gross Domestic ProductHigh-tech zone Investment Law Industrial zone Joint venture company Law on Technology Transfer Land use rights Certificate of land use rights Most Favoured Nation Ministry of Industry and Trade Ministry of Labour, War Invalids and Social Affairs Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Ministry of Science and Technology Ministry of Planning and Investment National Office of Intellectual Property Official development assistance Patent Cooperation Treaty Personal income tax Public Private Partnership Representative Office State Bank of Vietnam Technology transfer contract United States of America dollarValue-added tax Vietnam Competition Administration Department Vietnamese Dong W orld Trade Organisation 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 VIETNAM AT A GLANCE †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 I: KEY FACTS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 II: POLITICAL SYSTEM †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ III: ECONOMY †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 IV: INFRASTRUCTURE †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 13 V: VIETNAM- GERMANY ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 21 LEGAL GUIDE FOR INVESTING AND DOING BUSINESS IN VIETNAM †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 24 I: INVESTMENT REGULATIONS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 24 II:TRADE REGULATIONS â € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 30 III: TAXATION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 35 IV: CUSTOMS REGULATIONS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 42 V: LAND LAW †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 44 VI: FOREIGN EXCHANGE AND LOANS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 VII: EMPLOYMENT †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 52 VIII: COMPETITION LAW †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 58 IX: ENVIRONMENT †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 62 X: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 64 XI: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 XII: DISPUTE RESOLUTION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 73 BUSINESS TRAVEL GUIDE TO VIETNAM †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 77 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: LIST OF SECTORS ENT ITLED TO INVESTMENT INCENTIVES †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 80 APPENDIX 2: LIST OF GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS OF INVESTMENT INCENTIVES †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 84 APPENDIX 3: USEFUL CONTACTS AND ADDRESSES IN VIETNAM †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 87 4 VIETNAM AT A GLANCE I: KEY FACTS ? Official name: The Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Capital: Hanoi. ? Largest city: Ho Chi Minh City. ? Administrative subdivisions: 58 provinces and 5 municipalities (Hanoi, Hai Phong, Da Nang, Ho Chi Minh and Can Tho). ? Official language: Vietnamese. ? Location: In the center of Southeast Asia, neighboring on China to the north, Laos and Cambodia to the west, and the East Sea and Pacific Ocean to the East and South. ? Area: 331,690 km2. ? Coast line: 3,260 km. ? Climate: tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (mid May to mid-September) and warm, dry season (mid-Octobe r to mid-March). Population (2010): 86. 9 million, by area (urban: 30% and rural: 70%) and by age (less than 15 years old: 24. 7%, 15 -64 years old: 68. 5% and more than 65 years old: 6. 8%). ? Population density: 262 people/km2. ? Literacy: 93. 7%. ? Natural resource: Energy resources (oil, gas, coal, hydropower and wind power); minerals (bauxite, iron ore, lead, gold, precious stones, tin, chromate, anthracite, construction materials, granite, marble, clay, white sand and graphite); sea and tropical forestry resources and agricultural potential. ?Currency: Vietnamese Dong (VND). ? Exchange rate (April 2011): 1 USD = 20,725 VND. ? GDP (2010): 104. 7 billion USD. ? GDP per capita (2010): 1,204 USD. ? GDP real growth rate (2010): 6. 78%. ? GDP by sector (2010): Agriculture (20. 6%), Industry (41. 1%) and Service (38. 3%). ? Exports: Crude oil, garments, shoes, marine products, electronic products and components, funitures, rice, coffee, rubber, tea, pepper. ? Major export markets: US A, Japan, China, Australia, Singapore, Germany, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Netherland. ?Imports: Machinery & equipment, petroleum products, pharmaceuticals, fertilizer, steel products, metal, textile, garment and shoe inputs, vehicles. 5 ? II: Major import markets: China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Thailand, USA, Malaysia, India, Germany. POLITICAL SYSTEM The current Constitution was adopted in 1992 and amended in 2001. It clearly indicates that the State is â€Å"of the people, by the people and for the people†. The people access the State power through the National Assembly and People's Councils, which are composed of elected representatives who represent the people's will and aspirations.The Constitution endows all citizens, men and women alike, with equal rights in all political, economic, cultural and social spheres as well as in family affairs, the right to and freedom of belief and religion and the right to choose and practice a religion, the r ight to and freedom of movement and residence in Vietnam, and the right to go abroad and return home as stipulated by laws. The National Assembly is the highest representative body of the people, endowed with the highest State power of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.It governs constitutional and legislative rights, decides fundamental domestic and foreign policies, socioeconomic tasks, and national defence and security issues, etc. It exercises the right to supreme supervision of all activities of the State. The State President is the Head of State, elected by the National Assembly from among its deputies to represent the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in domestic and foreign affairs. The term of office of the President is the same as that of the Chairman of the National Assembly.The Government is the executive body of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. It has the same term of office as the National Assembly and administers the implementation of State affairs in the fields of poli tics, economics, culture, society, national defence and security and foreign relations. The government is headed by the Prime Minister and comprises Deputy Prime Ministers, Ministers and other government members. The Supreme People's Court is the judicial body of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.It supervises and directs the judicial work of local People's Courts, Military Tribunals, Special Tribunals and other tribunals, unless otherwise prescribed by the National Assembly at the establishment of such Tribunals. The Supreme People's Procuracy oversees the enforcement of the law and exercises the right to prosecution, and ensures serious and uniform implementation of the law. III: ECONOMY Since the Doi moi (reforms) were introduced in the mid-1980s, Vietnamese economy has changed rapidly.Replacing the old centrally-planned economy, Vietnam has shifted to a new economic structure namely a socialist-oriented market economy, and has gained significant success. Today the aim of Vietnam is to become a basically industrialized country by 2020. 6 Overall achievements Vietnam embarked on Doi moi in 1986 and the country has seen many dramatic changes since. Over the last decade it has recorded an average GDP growth rate of 7. 3 percent per annum, ranking it second in the region after China. Its economy suffered from the 2008-09 economic crisis but recovered rapidly, with GDP growth rate of 6. 78 percent in 2010.ADB forecasts that the economy of Vietnam will increase by 6. 1 and 6. 7 percent in 2011 and 2012 respectively. Vietnam already became a lower middle income country with its GDP per capita of 1,204 USD in 2010. To a large extent, Vietnam has successfully transformed from a centrally-planned economy with heavy bureaucracy and subsidies to a socialist -oriented market economy characterized by strong dynamism and rapidly growing entrepreneurship. The country's economy has integrated deeply into the global and regional economies, bringing about a sharp rise in trad e volumes as well as an influx of foreign investment.The economy is well on the way to being a multi-sector model operating according to market mechanisms. The private sector has enjoyed very favourable conditions created by the Enterprise Law of 2000, which institutionalizes the freedom of all individuals to conduct business in areas not prohibited by law and removes a large number of administrative obstacles that hampered enterprises. With a view to raising the efficiency of the state -owned sector, the government has adopted assertive policy measures to reorganize the sector through equitization.As a result, more than 3,970 state-owned enterprises were equitized by the end of 2010. GDP of Vietnam, 2000-2010 120 9. 0 8. 0 7. 0 80 6. 0 5. 0 60 4. 0 40 3. 0 2. 0 20 1. 0 0 0. 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year GDP GDP growth rate Source: General Statistics Office 7 GDP growth rate (%) GDP (billion USD) 100 Progress in particular sectors As Vietnam's GDP con tinuously increases the country's economic structure has also seen notable changes. From 1990 to 2010 the share of the agriculture sector reduced from 38. 7 percent to 20. percent, while that of industry and construction increased from 22. 7 percent in 1990 to 41. 1 percent in 2010. The service sector remained relatively constant: 38. 6 percent in 1990 and 38. 3 percent in 2010. Agriculture still plays a critical role in Vietnam's socio-economic life since it generates about 57 percent of total employment and makes important contribution to the expansion of the country's foreign trade. Vietnam are among the leading countries in terms of agricultural exports such as rice, coffee, cashew nuts and aqua-products, etc.Industry continues to grow rapidly in terms of gross output, at an average rate of 10-15 percent per annum. Besides state enterprises, foreign-invested and the private enterprises play an increasingly important role in industrial development and exports. Services are growin g at an average rate of 7-8 percent. In 2010 the value added of service sector grew 7. 52 percent with good performances being recorded in the trade, finance, and hotels and restaurant sub-sectors as consumption and tourism remained buoyant. Industry and services continue to increase their sha re in the economy.This reflects market oriented reforms, a gradual reduction in barriers to competition and to private sector development, and improvements in physical infrastructure. Greater diversification in industrial production and services lays the foundation for further sustained growth in output and employment. VA growth rate by sector of Vietnam, 2000-2010 12. 0 10. 0 Percent 8. 0 6. 0 4. 0 2. 0 0. 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year Agriculture Industry Source: General Statistics Office 8 Service International economic integrationVietnam has made major steps forward in its commitments to regional and international economic integration. Following the introduc tion of Doi moi it signed an economic and trade cooperation agreement with the EU in 1995, joined ASEAN in 1995, adhered to CEPT/AFTA in 1996 and became an APEC member in 1998. The Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) with the United States was signed in 2000, which resulted in a dramatic increase in the trade volume between the two countries. Vietnam became the 150th member of the World Trade Organization on January 11, 2007.Vietnam's commitments in the WTO increase market access for exports of goods and services of WTO's members and establish greater transparency in regulatory trade practices as well as a more level playing field between Vietnamese and foreign companies. Vietnam undertook commitments on goods (tariffs, quotas and ceilings on agricultural subsidies) and services (provisions of access to foreign service providers and related conditions), and to implement agreements on intellectual property (TRIPS), investment measures (TRIMS), customs valuation, technical barriers to tra de, sanitary nd phytosanitary measures, import licensing provisions, anti-dumping and countervailing measures, and rules of origin. At present, Viet Nam has established diplomatic relations with 172 countries and signed 55 bilateral investment agreements and 58 double taxation agreements with countries and territories including Germany. It has economic and trading relations with about 165 countries and territories. Vietnam holds membership in 63 international organizations and over 650 non-governmental organizations.The policy of â€Å"multi-lateralization and diversification† in international relations has helped Vietnam to integrate more deeply into the global and regional economies and increase trade and investment ties with nations all over the world. More importantly, Vietnam has improved its enable business friendly environment over time. World Bank recognized that Vietnam is one of the 10 most-improved economies in ease of doing business in 2010. Currently, its ranking is 78 and even higher than other Asia countries such as Indonesia, Philippines, China, India. Vietnam’s rankings according to various indices Index 2011-2010 rank 2010-2009 rankWorld Bank’s Ease of doing business 78/183 88/183 World Economic Forum's Global competitiveness index 59/139 75/133 12/top 20 12/top 25 (*) ATKEARNEY' FDI confidence index Note (*) data for 2007 9 International trade Total export volume of Vietnam increased by 18 percent per year on average in the last decade and its import volume also did so by 19. 2 percent per year. In 2010 its total trade volume reached $155. 6 billion ($71. 6 billion of export and $84 billion of import), equal to 149 percent of its GDP. Both the composition and quality of exports have improved significantly. The proportion of industrial products has risen considerably.The five biggest export items include oil, textiles, footwear, seafood and wood products. Vietnam is in the early stage of the industrialisation and modernis ation process and receives a large inflow of FDI therefore it relies largely on the imp orted equipment and materials. Trade relations with foreign countries, especially other countries in the region, have expanded over time. The biggest trading partners of Viet Nam include China, America, ASEAN, EU, Japan and South Korea. International trade of Vietnam, 2000-2010 160 70 140 60 120 50 100 40 80 30 60 20 40 10 20 0 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010Year Export Import Trade in goods as % GDP Source: General Statistics Office 10 Trade in goods as % GDP (percent) 180 80 Trade (billion US$) 90 Top 10 export and import items of Vietnam, 2010 Garment Machinery & equipment Footwear Steel products Seafood Petroleum products Crude oil Fabric Electronic products Electronic products Furniture Vehicles Rice Platics Machinery & equipment Garment and shoe inputs Precious stone & metals Metals Rubber Animal feed 0. 0 5. 0 10. 0 15. 0 0. 0 5. 0 10. 0 15. 0 Import volume (billio n USD) Export volume (billion USD) Export item Import item Source: General Statistics OfficeForeign direct investment Since the introduction of the Law on Foreign Investment in 1987, by the end of 2010, 12,236 foreign investment projects were licensed with total registered capital of $193. 4 billion and total disbursed capital of over $61 billion. The investors from 92 countries and territories have committed investments in Viet Nam. Most of them are from Asia, Europe and America. Taiwan, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Japan and Malaysia and are the top five countries and territories investing in Vietnam. The next five countries and territories are British Virgin Islands, America, Hongkong, Cayman Islands and Thailand.These â€Å"top ten† countries and territories account for over three quarters of the total licensed projects and foreign registered capital in Viet Nam. Since 1996 there has been a tendency towards investment in producing goods for export, infrastructure constru ction, producing import substitutes and in labour intensive industries. There are more than 8,327 projects in the manufacturing and processing, real estate and construction industries with a total capital of about US$153,5 billion, accounting for nearly 80% of the registered capital.While there are foreign invested projects in all provinces and cities in Viet Nam, most investment has been in the key economic areas in the South including Ho Chi Minh City, Dong Nai, Binh Duong, Ba Ria, Vung Tau, and in the North including Hanoi, Hai Duong, Hai Phong and Quang Ninh. The foreign invested sector has increased rapidly, gradually asserting itself as a dynamic component of the economy, and has made an important contribution to enhancing the competitiveness and efficiency of the economy. In 20 10, the foreign invested sector has accounted for 21. 5% of the country's total investment, contributed 18. percent to GDP, 54. 2 percent to export volume (crude oil included), 44. 4 percent to industr ial gross output and employed 1. 6 million persons. 11 FDI Inflow of Vietnam, 2000-2010 Project number Registered capital Service, 10. 7% Telecom. & transportation 4. 1% Service, 19. 2% Processing & manufacturing 48. 7% Agriculture, 1. 6% Processing & manufacturing 59. 8% Agriculture 3. 9% Telecom. & transportation 7. 7% Real estate & construction 30. 8% Power, water, gas, 2. 5% Mining, 1. 5% Real estate & construction 8. 4% Power, water, gas, 0. 5% Mining, 0. 6% Source: Ministry of Planning and Investment FDI of Vietnam by sector, 2010 600 60 1400 1200 50 1000 40 800 30 600 20 400 10 200 0 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year Disbursement Total investment Note: Accumulated inflow of FDI by the end of 2010 Source: Ministry of Planning and Investment 12 No. of project 1800 70 FDI inflow (billion US$) 80 Top 10 destinations and investors of Vietnam, 2010 Top 10 FDI receiving provinces Top 10 investing countries and territories Ho Chi Minh City Chinese Taipei B a Ria – Vung Tau Korea Republic Ha Noi Singapore Dong Nai Japan Binh Duong Malaysia Ha Tinh British Virgin Islands Phu Yen America Thanh Hoa Hong Kong Hai Phong Cayman IslandsQuang Nam Thailand 0. 0 10. 0 20. 0 30. 0 Total registered investment (billion USD) 0. 0 5. 0 10. 0 15. 0 20. 0 25. 0 Total registered investment (billion USD) Note: Accumulated inflow of FDI by the end of 2010 Source: Ministry of Planning and Investment IV: INFRASTRUCTURE ? Road network: – ? 171,392 km country-wide. 2 North-South pivot routes: (i) the 1A National Highway of 2,260km in length from Lang Son to Ca Mau and (ii) the Ho Chi Minh Highway of 3,167km in length from Cao Bang to Ca Mau. Railway network: – ? Total length of 2,632 km. 278 stations country-wide. Hanoi – Ho Chi Minh City line: 1,726 km (it takes 29. hours for express train). – Linked to China railways in two directions, one from Lao Cai province to Yunnan province and one from Lang Son province to Kwangsi p rovince of China. – Planned to construct the railway lines connecting with Laos and Cambodia. Inland waterway: – More than 2,300 rivers and canals with total length of 198,000 km. – Inland waterway system of 35,386 km. 13 ? Sea ports: – – ? Vietnam has 3,260km coastline, a strategic position close to international shipping routes and favored natural conditions of foundation, sea depth, current, tidal, sedimentation and channels for developing seaport business. 7 national level sea ports, 23 provincial level sea ports and 9 offshore oil and gas sea ports. Current major important ports include Cai Lan and Hai Phong in the North, Da Nang and Quy Nhon in the Centre and Sai Gon and Cai Mep in the South. Airports: – ? 8 international airports: Cam Ranh (Nha Trang), Cat Bi (Hai Phong), Da Nang (Da Nang), Lien Khuong (Lam Dong), Noi Bai (Ha Noi), Phu Bai (Hue), Tra Noc (Can Tho), Tan Son Nhat (Ho Chi Minh City). In 2010, Tan Son Nhat Airport receive d 15. 5 million passergers and Noi Bai airport did 9. 5 million passengers. 14 domestic airports: Buon Ma Thuot (Dac Lac), Ca Mau (Ca Mau), Chu Lai (Quang Nam), Co Ong (Ba Ria – Vung Tau), Dien Bien Phu (Dien Bien Phu), Dong Tac (Phu Yen), Dong Hoi (Quang Binh), Gia Lam (Ha Noi), Na San (Son La), Pleiku (Gia Lai), Phu Cat (Binh Dinh), Phu Quoc (Kien Giang), Rach Gia (Kien Giang), Vinh (Nghe An). Business development zones: – ? 3 high-tech zones (Hoa Lac, Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City) with total area of 3,509 ha of land. ? 260 industrial zones and export processing zones with total area of 71,394 ha of land. 15 economic zones located along sea coast with total area of 638,633 ha of land.Energy: – Electricity output reached 92. 7 billion kWh. – Crude oil and gas exploited 23 million ton. – Coal exploited 44 million ton. Telecommunication: – 26. 8 million Internet users. – 153. 7 million mobile subscriptions. – 16. 4 million fixed phone subscriptions. 14 15 Vietnam rail network 16 National seaports of Vietnam No. Seaport Province Current capacity of ship (DWT) 1 Cam Pha Quang Ninh 50,000 2 Hon Gai Quang Ninh 40,000 3 Hai Phong Hai Phong 20,000 4 Nghi Son Thanh Hoa 20,000 5 Cua Lo Nghe An 10,000 6 Vung Ang Ha Tinh 30,000 7 Chan May Thua Thien Hue 30,000 8 Da Nang Da Nang 30,000 9 Dung Quat Quang Ngai 0,000 10 Quy Nhon Binh Dinh 30,000 11 Van Phong Khanh Hoa 50,000 12 Nha Trang Khanh Hoa 20,000 13 Ba Ngoi Khanh Hoa 30,000 14 Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 30,000 15 Vung Tau Ba Ria – Vung Tau 50,000 16 Dong Nai Dong Nai 20,000 17 Can Tho Can Tho 10,000 Source: Decision 2190/QD-TTg dated 24/12/2009 17 Number and size of IPs and EPZs in Vietnam 300 71,394 70,000 60,000 40,000 150 26,971 260 100 183 11,830 50 50,000 43,687 200 300 1 2,370 12 30,000 20,000 130 10,000 65 0 1991 1995 2000 2005 2007 Year Number of IPs Size (ha) Source: Ministry of Planning and Investment 18 2010 Size of IPs (ha) Number of IP s 250Economic zones of Vietnam 19 SWOT Analysis of Vietnam Strengths Weaknesses ? One of fastest growing economies ? Few skilled professionals in Asia with average GDP growth of available; 7. 2% per year over the last decade; ? High bureaucratic barriers; ? Stable political and social security; ? Weak infrastructure (power, ? Abundance of human resources transportation); (labour force of 46. 2 million people; ? Underdeveloped supporting young, motivated and educated industries. workforce; 60% of population under 35 years old); ? Competitive business and production costs (cost labor, industrial land rent, energy cost, elephone cost, marine transportation, taxation); ? Available mineral and natural resources (coal, oil & gas, iron ore, bauxite, rare earth,.. ); ? Central location in South East Asia, long distance coast. Opportunities Threats ? Global integration (ASEAN, APEC, WTO membership); one of the world’s most open economies; ? High inflation; ? High trade deficit; ? Deva luation of VND; ? Higher demand for consumer goods and capital goods with better ? Banking and finance sector in infant stage; quality because of being a lower middle income country, aiming at ? Low national reserves. an industrialized country and ncreasing urban population; ? Export oriented and labour intensive industries; ? Infrastruture (road, railway, seaport, airport, power) projects funded by international donors or foreign investors. 20 V: VIETNAM- GERMANY ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP Trade Germany is the biggest trade partner of Vietnam in Europe. In 2010, despite the global economic downturn, bilateral trade reached nearly USD 6 billion, a substantial increase over the previous year. Total export value of Vietnam to Germany reached nearly USD 4 billion, accounting for 19% of total Vietnam’s export to the EU while its import value from German amounted to USD 2 billion.Vietnam’s main export items to Germany are garments, footwear, coffees, furnitures, see foods, leath er and leather apparel, office machinery, iron, metal products, articles of plastics, ceramic products, crude rubber. Germany is the second-largest market worldwide for robusta coffee and black pepper of Vietnam. Main import items from Germany to Vietnam include: machines (in mining, construction and civil engineering, textile, food and beverage,†¦), aircraft, units for electricity generation nd distribution, passenger cars, chemical products, pharmaceutical products, measurement, control and regulation technology products, industrial plants, plastics, lifting and handling equipment, medical equipment and orthopedic appliances, engines, iron, metal products, elec tronic components†¦ After WTO accession, Vietnam is becoming an emerging and lucrative market in Asia. As Vietnam is accelerating its industrialization process to become an â€Å"industrialized country† by 2020, the trend towards sophisticated production facilities is evident and it is likely to result in i ncreased demand for hi -tech machinery made in Germany.Investment There have been over 230 German companies operating and investing in Vietnam, including many Germany’s leading groups such as Siemens, Deutsche Bank, Mercedes, Metro, Bosch etc. By the end of April 2011, German companies have invested in 163 projects with registered capital of USD 825 million in Vietnam. Three fourths of total investment projects and two thirds of investment capital of Germany mainly concentrate in manufacturing, processing, technique services, information and communication technology, banking and finance services.Although German investment projects have been located in 26 locatio ns in Vietnam, most of them have been implemented in Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, Binh Duong and Dong Nai. In the upcoming time, the active implementation of mega infrastructure development and energy projects partially funded by German ODA such as the metro line No. 2 Ben Thanh – An Suong in Ho Chi Minh City (with length of 11 km and total investment capital of USD 1. 25 billion), O Mon IV thermo power, Phu Lac wind power, Vietnamese Green Line,†¦ will have positive impacts on promoting German investment flow into Vietnam.German foreign trade and investment promotion is well positioned in Viet Nam. German companies and investors can access to supports and advices from AHK Vietnam, German Business Association (GBA), a correspondent of Germany Trade and Invest (GTAI) in Vietnam. 21 Development cooperation Vietnam is an important partner of Germany in development cooperation. As one of the biggest donors among the EU members, Germany has provided Vietnam with more than EUR 1 billion in ODA since 1990. During 2011 – 2012, Germany committed nearly EUR 300 million for Vietnam. This is a clear evidence for strong support by Germany to the development of Vietnam.German-Vietnamese development cooperation focuses on the three priority areas: (i) Sustainable economic development and vocatio nal training; (ii) Environmental policy, conservation and sustainable use of natural resources; (iii) Health. German development cooperation has been utilizing effectively and contributing positively to socio-economic development of Vietnam, especially in vocational training, human resource development, infrastructure, clean energy source. During the visit of German Chancellor Dr. Angela Merkel to Viet Nam in October 2011, Hanoi Declaration was signed by Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung and Chancellor Dr.Angela Merkel. It is the start of the strategic partnership between Vietnam and Germany. Export and import between Vietnam and Germany, 2007-2010 4000 3500 Value (USD million) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2007 2008 Export from Vietnam to Germany 2009 2010 Year Import to Vietnam from Germany Source: German Federal Statistical Office 22 Gernam investment flow into Vietnam by sector, 2010 Registered capital Service, 10. 5 Agriculture, Telecom. & 5. 4 transportation 0. 4 Real estate & c onstruction 1. 0 Project number Processing & manufacturing 53. 6 Processing & manufacturing 46. 7 Service, 34. 2 Agriculture 2. 0 Power, water & gas, 29. Telecom. & Mining, 0. 7 transportation Real estate & 10. 5 construction Power, water & gas, 2. 0 3. 9 Mining, 0. 0 Source: Ministry of Planning and Investment 23 LEGAL GUIDE FOR INVESTING AND DOING BUSINESS IN VIETNAM I: INVESTMENT REGULATIONS On 1 July 2006, the investment regime comprised of a unified Enterprise Law (â€Å"EL†), which regulates corporations, and a common Investment Law (â€Å" IL†), which regulates investment, came into effect. The promulgation of these two important legislations is considered a significant watershed for improvement of the legal environment on investment activities and corporate governance in Vietnam. . Overview To do business under the IL and EL, foreign investors are required to obtain investment certificates from an appropriate Licensing Authority. Under the IL, investors may inv est in all sectors not prohibited by law. prohibited by law include: Areas ? Investment projects detrimental to national defence, security, and the public interest; ? Investment projects detrimental to historical and cultural traditions and the ethics or customs of Vietnam; ? Investment projects harming people’s health or destroying natural resources and the environment; and ?Investment projects treating toxic waste imported to Vietnam and investment projects manufacturing toxic chemicals banned by international law. 2. Licensing Investors shall follow the licensing and registration steps depending on the size and the sector of the investment project. Investment Certification Process 24 Conditional sectors: Investment projects in conditional sectors shall satisfy certain conditions in order to be licensed. Conditional sectors include: ? Broadcasting and television; ? Production, publishing and distribution of cultural products; ?Exploration and exploitation of minerals; ? Est ablishment of infrastructure for telecommunications network, transmission and provision of internet and telecommunications services; ? Establishment of public postal network and provision of postal services and express services; ? Construction and operation of river ports, sea ports, terminals and airports; ? Transportation of goods and passengers by railway, airway, roadway and sea and inland waterways; ? Catching of aquaculture; ? Production of tobacco; ? Real estate business; ? Import, export and distribution business; Education and training; ? Hospitals and clinics; and ? Other investment sectors in international treaties of which Vietnam is a member and which restrict the opening of the market to foreign investors. Investment Registration: Foreign investment projects with a total invested capital of less than VND 300 billion (US$ 15 million) and not falling in a conditional sector are subject to â€Å"investment registration† and foreign investors of such projects shall carry out the procedures for investment registration in order to be granted an investment certificate.The investment certificate also serves as the business registration of the corporate entity. Enterprises can subsequently register additional investment projects without the need to create a separate entity. The investor should submit application documents for investment registration to the Licensing Authority. The Licensing Authority shall check the documents and issue the investment certificate to the investors within 15 workin g days of receiving the valid application.Investment Evaluation: Any investment project with a total invested capital of VND 300 billion (US$ 15 million) or more or investment projects falling in conditional sectors shall undergo â€Å"an investment evaluation† by the Licensing Authority and other relevant authorities. There are two different types of evaluation: ? evaluation for investment projects regardless of total invested capital falling into c onditional sectors; and ? evaluation for investment projects with total invested capital of VND300 billion or more that do not fall into conditional sectors.For the evaluation of investment projects with total invested capital of VND 300 billion or more, along with the application documents, the applicant must also submit an â€Å"economic – technical explanation† of the investment project to the Licensing Authority. This covers the economic – technical explanatory statement, 25 objectives, scale, location, investment capital, implementation schedule, land use needs, and technological and environmental solutions of the investment project.For the evaluation of investment projects falling in conditional sectors, in addition to the application documents, the investor shall also demonstrate compliance with requirements specific to that conditional sector. When assessing the application documents, the Licensing Authority may liaise with other relevant Ministries and authorities in evaluating the proposed investment project. Items to be evaluated shall comprise: ? compliance with master planning/zoning for technical infrastructure, master planning/zoning for land use, master planning for construction, master planning for utilization of minerals and other natural resources; land use requirements; ? project implementation schedule; ? environmental solutions. The time-limit for evaluation of investment shall not exceed thirty (30) days from the date of receipt of a complete and valid file. In necessary cases, the above time -limit may be extended, but not beyond forty five (45) days. Applying for Construction License Filing for Investment Certificate Applying for the approval of Report on environment effects evaluation Agreement on land/building/office renting Evaluating preliminary technical design Environmental protection ommitment Land/building/office renting contract 26 Projects subject to Projects subject to environmental protection constructi on license commitment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Investment Certificate Projects subject to Report on environmental effects evaluation To-Do List for Investors 3. Licensing Authority Licensing Authority 3. 1 The Board of Management (â€Å"BOM†) of industrial zones (â€Å"IZs†), export processing zones (â€Å"EPZs†), high-tech zones (â€Å"HTZs†), and economic zones (â€Å"EZs†) are responsible for licensing foreign investments within their zones. 3 . 2National important BOT projects and PPP projects are licensed by the Ministry of Planning and Investment (â€Å"MPI†). Oil and gas projects, credit institutions, insurance projects and law firms are licensed by Ministry of Trade and Industry, State Bank of Vietnam, Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Justice respectively. 3 . 3 The Provincial People’s Committee is the authority responsible for all other foreign investments. Licensing applications shall be su bmitted to these bodies, who will consult with other relevant governmental authorities (where so required) before issuing final approval. . 4 The Prime Minister will approve the following investment projects (unless they are not included in the approved master plan): (a) The following investment projects, irrespective of the source of investment capital and scale of investment: – construction and commercial operation of airports; air transportation; – construction and commercial operation of national sea ports; – exploration, mining and processing of petroleum; exploration and mining of minerals; – radio and television broadcasting; – commercial operation of casinos; – production of cigarettes; – stablishment of university training establishments; and 27 – establishment of IZs, EPZs, HTZs and EZs. (b) The following investment projects, irrespective of the source of investment capital but with a total invested capital of VND 1,5 00 billion or more in the following sectors: – business in electricity, processing of minerals, metallurgy; – construction of railway, road and internal waterway infrastructure; and – production and business of alcohol, beer; (c) The following projects with foreign-invested capital in the following sectors: – commercial operation of sea transportation; – onstruction of networks for and supply of postal and delivery, telecommunications and internet services, construction of wave transmission networks; – printing and distributing newspapers and printed matter, publishing; and – establishment of independent scientific research establishments. 4. Forms of Investment and Enterprise Under the â€Å"Law on Investment† and the â€Å"Law on Enterprises† foreign investors may choose the following forms of investment in Viet Nam: Investment forms: – Invest in business development; – Establish economic organizations (1 00% capital of foreign investors or joint venture); Purchase shares or contribute capital to participate in management of investment activities; – Invest in contractual forms of BBC, BO, BTO, BT, PPP; and – M of enterprises. While foreign investors are allowed to buy shares in many domestic companies without limitation, there are ownership limitations for certain companies listed on the Vietnam stock exchange and financial sectors. Foreign ownership cannot exceed 49 percent of listed companies and 30 percent of listed companies in the financial sector. Forms of enterprises: – Limited liability company (with one member or more than one member);

Randomized Controlled Trial - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1914 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2018/12/18 Category Medicine Essay Type Research paper Level High school Topics: Risk Essay Did you like this example? Critical Appraisal about RCT There are few studies which have been developed in regard to the balance training aimed at the improvement of the elderly persons mobility and wellbeing who are affected by balance problems. The article presents a study which demonstrates a program on training on balance improvement spanning for a period of six weeks. The program proved to be quite beneficial in the progress of functional balance and static mobility and lowering the older persons fall frequencies (basically those having problems with balance). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Randomized Controlled Trial" essay for you Create order In the study, the progress based on the objective of functional balance was established by the improvement in the score of BBS as recorded in the ultimate appraisal for the cluster handed over to the team of interventionists. The same outcomes were recorded in the research done by Melzer et al. whereby the balance training program patient participants recorded a progress of 64 percent within a period of three months. The authors of this article demonstrated that the cluster which undertook the balance training program showed an improved performance. Such programs which put emphasis on balance training are more effective in the improvement of balance than those which consisted of primary aerobics, strengthening of muscles and exercises aimed at improving flexibility. Even though evaluating the effectiveness of different exercise forms is a complex venture, results show that balance training has proved to be of much benefit with near zero probability of risks. In studies of the same ki nd by Carter et al. an improvement was recorded on static balance when using muscle strength instead of balance training, however, the improvement was only on 6.3 percent of the patients. Therefore, the methodology used in the article proposes that balance training eventually points to an apparent progressive outcome than it does in muscle strength training. Relative to the functional mobility, there was an improvement which was demonstrated by a decline in the patients handed over to the intervention team. The relevance of these results are undoubted since from the research, compromised mobility led to an increase in the risk-dependency at an approximate of three to fivefold in the daily activities. This is not a surprise basing on the fact that unaided mobility is an essential daily life component processes of every individual. Mobility dependency may result in confinement and reduced quality of human wellbeing and existence. Having good balance and gait is considered essential for the mobility improvement and aids in preventing falls. Alongside improvement in a functional evaluation, this methodology recorded an improvement based on the observed reduced fall frequency. Even though the impact of exercise in reducing the frequency of fall is not proved in this study, there are a number of studies which show that the risk can be reduced 40 percent through physical activity (Barnett et al., 2003). Similarly, in the accord to reduce the frequency of falls for the affected persons, the distinct form of exercises which are endorsed for the prevention of falls are the ones specifically target balance training. A number of studies showing balance and mobility improvement have presented results in their exercise which are similar to the current study. This is a suggestion that the exercise programs intensity and content possibly will be more significant than other variables in this intervention. Additionally, the variances in the adjudication of the exercise program, the specialized experiences of the participants of the pr ogram, the setting of the sessions and whether the exercises were carried out in a group setting or realized at an individual level are all the considerations which impact on the exercise programs success. A very significant aspect of achievement illustrated in the study is the adherence to all the considerations as stated. In contrast with the study carried out by Forcan et al.s statement that the adherence in the implementation program among the participating elderly persons is not sufficient. In this study, the methodology was effective as witnessed with almost half of the participants present at all the sessions of the program. This outcome as illustrated by the paper have similarities with other studies showing a 97percent measure of adherence. The attainment in adherence in this paper is possibly owed to the context where the sessions were carried out, from the social interaction to close relationship between the service providers and the patients an environment which was pleasant for both the patients and the psychotherapists. Basically, the feeling of isolation was reduced by the secure environment, supervised sessions and the opportunity for close interactions. A system of so cial backing is deliberated as necessary in group exercises as well as helping in sustaining adherence and the efficacy of the programs sessions together with the adherence to the outdoor and indoor exercise programs. Robitaille et al. in a similar study illustrated that the exercise programs which were done in groups recorded improved performance in balance of the elderly. Another important factor was the application of structured manual guidelines and instructions for the realization of the effectiveness of the indoor and outdoor exercises, which added up to the endurance and the adherence to the performed exercises. Each and every exercise session was under the prescription of a psychotherapist who additionally gave adequate support to the patient. In some studies similar to this, illustrated and descriptive pamphlets have been used to as a complement to home-based exercise programs which have had positive outcomes. The positive outcomes which are recorded in this study could also be associated with the state of health of the recruited persons who participated in the program. In this study, the participants were enrolled from the set of individuals at the multidisciplinary falls clinic who had the problems of concern to the study. All of them were put through a comprehensive medical assessment based on the consistent protocol where the potential fact ors for falls were put into concern. Among this were the neurological disorders, locomotor disorders, cardiovascular disorders and examination of any predisposing factor to falls. Inclusion was done if there was a continued balance problem subsequent to significant management of the probable predisposing factors, well-known as a Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score not exceeding forty-five. The amputees were also excluded in the study since this was a disability which could not be reversed through exercise. According to Buchner et al., exercises have beneficial impacts on the health of the elderly and on the risk of falls in some of this group of persons in the society. The physical, as well as the psychological impacts recorded due to regularity in conducting the periods and the environmental setting, need not be undermined. The motivation and the demonstrated aptitude in transitions from one level to another, as a result, helps in maintaining interest during the performance of the exercises and safe practice in groups. Even though there was no use of the laboratory or biomedical equipment to validate the obtained effects, it is still able to prove this through reproducible and reliable tests and scales which are able to measure the success extents of all the trainings performed in every session under the supervision of the psychotherapists and complemented by the outdoor exercises. Furthermore, the reliability of the results is evidenced by the positive improvement of both the static and functional movement and balance, and lessening falls of the frequency in the affected persons. Moreover, ordinary clinical psychotherapists possessing equal exp erience and grade, who were under the guidance of a written protocol were responsible for the treatment of patients both in the CT and the EBT groups. These protocols clearly how the individual exercises in both the CT and EBT groups were performed. These protocols were in adherence to the national guidelines advocated for by the Chartered Society of Psychotherapists. In addition to the protocols, a comprehensive explanation and practical therapeutic demonstration were performed in order to orient the participating therapists on what ought to be done and the key contrasting elements between the two interventions. In a similar case, this study was effective since it addresses both the physical and mental facets of remedying mobility and balance. For the treatment sessions which lasted for periods not exceeding forty-five minutes, there was a session dedicated for discussions on the behaviors and strategies which need to be used to avoid fall as well as those for dealing with a long time spent on the floor. The participants were also given instructions on how to get up from the floor after a fall. Even though the same therapists could offer both physical and psychological remedies, the effectiveness of the methodology was ensured by avoiding crossover effects which might have been caused by therapists crossover. Even though the reports of improvement are undoubted, the observations show that there needs to be an address on the important matters on the evaluation of the effectiveness of the interventions in diseases which are more chronic than the ones considered in the study. The first one is related to the appropriate selection of measures of outcome; what is more important to patients might be their increased confidence and wellbeing rather than the measures based on diseases, and doing so need to complement indicators on specific diseases such as speed in mobility or BBS in scientific perspective. More often than not, falls hardly ever end causing fatal injuries, rather, the victims lose confidence in themselves, reduce their mobility, because of depression and eventually leading to increased dependence. For this study, EBT recorded better results than CT thereby raising the question justifiability on whether to offer a different form of treatment based on the increased wellbeing and pati ents confidence, even though there is lack of objective evidence to confirm the reliability of such interventions. In conclusion, this study affirms that the exercise programs aimed at improving patients balance and mobility are beneficial regardless of the applied strategy. Nonetheless, the reported stability, lifes quality, increased mobility speed and increased confidence recorded a higher improvement in patients receiving EBT which a suggestion that the two approaches illustrated by the authors were significantly distinct in terms of their influence on the quality of life of the patient and confidence, therefore, more investigation needs to be done. References Barnett, A., Smith, B., Lord, S.R., Williams, M. and Baumand, A., 2003. Community based group exercise improves balance and reduces falls in at risk older people: a randomised controlled trial. Age and ageing, 32(4), pp.407-414. Buchner, D.M., Cress, M.E., De Lateur, B.J., Esselman, P.C., Margherita, A.J., Price, R. and Wagner, E.H., 1997. The effect of strength and endurance training on gait, balance, fall risk, and health services use in community-living older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 52(4), pp.M218-M224. Carter, N.D., Khan, K.M., McKay, H.A., Petit, M.A., Waterman, C., Heinonen, A., Janssen, P.A., Donaldson, M.G., Mallinson, A., Riddell, L. and Kruse, K., 2002. Community-based exercise program reduces risk factors for falls in 65-to 75-year-old women with osteoporosis: randomized controlled trial. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 167(9), pp.997-1004. Forkan, R., Pumper, B., Smyth, N., Wirkkala, H., Ciol, M.A. and Shumway-Cook, A., 2006. Exercise adherence following physical therapy intervention in older adults with impaired balance. Physical therapy, 86(3), pp.401-410. Melzer, I., Benjuya, N. and Kaplanski, J., 2005. Effect of physical training on postural control of elderly. Harefuah, 144(12), pp.839-44. Robitaille, Y., Laforest, S., Fournier, M., Gauvin, L., Parisien, M., Corriveau, H., Trickey, F. and Damestoy, N., 2005. Moving forward in fall prevention: an intervention to improve balance among older adults in real-world settings. American journal of public health, 95(11), pp.2049-2056.

Industrial Life And Abandoning The Urban City Life

Answer 1: a. This article shows and gives an example of why people are going back to the agricultural life and abandoning the urban city life. Due to lack of jobs and low waged jobs, cause of education this has made it incredible hard to live life in the city coming from an agricultural background. Living check by check is the transition of rural to urban back to rural, lots of money is being lost when these rural people seek better opportunity and life in the city they are using their own money into this giving all they got financial into this one ideal they have and when it doesn’t plan out, the city life spits these people back out into the rural areas with no money backing them up due to higher urban city expenses. The only way of actually earning more income than you spending is going back to the agricultural life, but when these people go back to this life they have nothing to start with. b. India has a market economy the government doesn’t have a major impact on agriculture, in India agriculture was turned into a way of living by the people. With high hopes and belief that leaving the agriculture life behind and try to strive in the more urban and city life has stunned a lot of Indian people with how quickly and how it is unexpectedly harder to live that lifestyle. The cost of living is higher in the urban areas of the country and with the low paying wages that these people work for it is enough for them to be making a living they would be living check by check eachShow MoreRelatedWhy Did The Europeans Leave For The Us?1121 Words   |  5 PagesJapanese workers. Emigration boom. Opportunity Q. What immigrants came from the west indies and Mexico? E. 1. 260,000 immigrants arrived. 2. Jobs were scarce 3. Industrial boom in the US seemed to promise work.’ 4. 1902 National Reclamation Act: created new farmland and drew Mexicans in. Encouraged the irrigation of arid land. Q. What was life in the new land? E. 1. A difficult journey: immigrants traveled by steam ship. 2. Louse and infected conditions 3. Ellis island: immigration stations 20 percentRead MoreWhen Industry Meets the Environment Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pagesaround us; from the structure within our cities, to the degradation of the natural environment. The industrial revolution began in Britain in 1760 (Griffin). Many historians claim this happened because of a civil unrest in the country, which transformed into a movement (Landes). Civil unrest stemmed from the poor living condition and the poverty within the area. This also happened because new technologies emerged, creating a new push for a commercial way of life. The largest component of the revolutionRead More Immigration into the USA Essay1729 Words   |  7 PagesThese famine Irish mostly remained in the port cities of the Northeast, abandoning the farmer’s life for the squalor and congestion of the urban metropolis. The Irish newcomers were poorly prepared for urban life. They found progress up the economic ladder painfully slow. Their work as obmestic servants or construction laborers was dull and arduous, and mortality rates were astoundingly high. Escape from the potato famine hardly guaranteed a long life to and Irish-American most of the new arrivalsRead MoreE ffects Of The Great Depression1329 Words   |  6 PagesDepression. Not only the stock market had been affected. Nearly seven hundred banks Del pozo 2 failed in 1929 and about 2,300 failed over the next two years and nine million bank accounts disappeared. Hunger, unemployment, and poverty was a way of life for most Americans and workers lost their jobs. Almost thirteen million people became unemployed the year before Franklin D. Roosevelt took office. About two ­thirds of the people were living in poverty. A lot of families couldn’t afford things, causingRead MoreTechno Music Essay1673 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Techno music† has defined the American music culture since the emergence of rock and roll in the 1950s. Throughout the 1960s, technology evolved and it was accepted and incorporated into various factions of life and society. With rock and roll being associated with hippies, the middle class in society wanted to find something that they could relate to and be classified as a higher social class than the hippies. Musicians and music directors mashed up various sounds and the energetic nature of rockRead MoreIn the period of modernity, the aspect of Aboriginality has become manipulated through the primary1700 Words   |  7 Pagestowards Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (AHRC, 2013). The film Yolngu Boy (2001) directed by Stephen Johnson and the collection of seven inkjet prints titled Majority Rule (2013) by Michael Cook represent Indigenous Australians as a group whose life opportunities are diminished by their perceived racial difference after being inspired by peoples struggle for rights and self-determination. Through binary ideas and the strict duality that is placed between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous AustraliansRead MoreRomanticism Research Paper1429 Words   |  6 PagesRomantics were combating against the inequality of the social system. The rich were getting richer and the poor were getting poorer. The urban cities were rapidly increasing population and the rural environment was decreasing. A number of increasing poor workers increased as the as the growing of the industrialization of Britain. The living conditions for the city dwellers were filthy and overcrowding. The social problems during eighteenth century constructed the starting ignition of the creation ofRead MoreAnalysis of The Novel Dubliners by James Joyce Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pagesconnection to the city. Furthermore, the characters absorb the city into their identities, creating a symbiotic relationship with it. This renders escape - or emigration - a bifurcation of ones identity, and thus, paralyses characters o nce a means of escape is revealed to them. Therefore, Joyces Dubliners are inextricably bound to Dublin; and like microcosms of it, negotiate problems relevant to both themselves and the city. I intend to explore Joyces Dublin, conscious of this city-character connectionRead MoreExploitation Of Seemingly Unlimited Natural Resources And Overfishing Of Our Seas1578 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironmental stocks of fish at an unprecedented rate. Dr. Michael N Pearson writes that â€Å"Local, traditional fishers had to compete with foreign trawlers, which vacuumed up marine life in a totally random way.†1 This was a war, technology against tradition, man against fish. Even if nobody recognized it at the time, the industrial fishermen were laying the bait for a long history of environmental damage, and were sealing the fate of the world s’ fisheries. Another source of this conflict between environmentRead MoreEssay on Zaha Hadid: Making Utopia a Reality in Architecture1649 Words   |  7 Pagesstructure she used unusual shapes and angles that architectural critics had admired in her conceptual work throughout the 1980s. Since the site already contained large-scale factory buildings, she decided to concentrate on the site as a zone within the industrial landscape so as to place the elements of the building in such a way that they would not get lost between the enormous factory sheds. As can be expected the inside of the building is as interesting as the exterior with multiple optical tricks being

The Narrative Of Falling Oil Prices - 1337 Words

The narrative of falling oil prices has been played out in financial news as a blessing for consumers and a bane on the energy sector, namely on oil companies and oil-exporting countries. However, a crucial piece of the narrative has been largely forgotten, and that’s the shock that such oil prices have had on private equity investors in the energy markets for the past year. What was once a lucrative and seemingly obvious investment into the oil boom of the post-recession has, for the last year, turned into an energy fund disaster for many PE firms. Yet despite the record-breaking losses that these funds have incurred, private equity firms have recently been doubling down in the market, increasing energy investment to previously unseen levels. Such actions beg the questions: why are PE firms so confident in the energy sector, and should they be? As the narrative commonly begins, oil prices are way down. Way way down. In fact, since June 2014, the price of a barrel of oil has b een cut in half reaching levels last seen during the bottom of the 2009 recession. The causes of such rapid declines are best attributed to a simple supply and demand model. On the supply side, domestic oil production has doubled in the last six years. As the world’s largest crude oil consumer in the world, the US was once a large and reliable buyer of foreign oil. But with domestic demand for foreign oil waning, exporting countries such as Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, and Algeria have had to find newShow MoreRelatedTalisman Energy Case Analysis1480 Words   |  6 PagesCase Analysis: Talisman Energy Inc: The Decision to Enter Iraq Talisman Energy Inc. after a failed oil venture in Sudan due to poor handling of public relations is contemplating entering Kurdistan after the Iraq War. The Sudanese fiasco was due to a portrayal of Talisman as a conspirator with the Sudanese government in perpetuating regional conflict and funding human rights abuses. The subsequent media firestorm and activist pressure spooked high-stakes investors who forced Talisman to withdrawRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Grand Parade 1764 Words   |  8 Pagesstreet party held every five years to celebrate the region’s patron industry – oil. A man on one float dressed as an oil-smeared roughneck yelled, â€Å"God bless Taft!† and â€Å"Made in America!† as he tipped a yellow hardhat toward the waving crowd. Another float ferried the â€Å"Maids of Petroleum,† young beauty competition participants dressed in fishnet tights and Old West bustle skirts. The competition winner, known as the â€Å"Oil Queen,† sat smiling in a white wicker throne before a glittery cutout of a derrickRead MoreIdeology Of Bashar Al Assad1904 Words   |  8 PagesBashar does not have a consistent ideology; he changes his opinion according to his interests and that of the regime s.’ However, the most consistent and well-known aspects of Bashar’s ideology: Aims to improve Syria’s economy, Improve access to oil fields, get rid of terrorism in Syria, have a strong military, to have â€Å"fair† voting, and enforce more human rights into the country. ASPECTS: †¢ REFORM HUMAN RIGHTS Bashar al-Assad has released around 700 political prisoners (2011) boosting hopesRead MoreThe Impressionist Period : The Impressionists Techniques Developed During The Late 1800s1678 Words   |  7 Pageshistorical subjects, they instead took their easels outdoors painting scenes of modern life, and daily middle-class activities, observing nature in a way that was impossible while working in the confines of a traditional studio. They used thick layers of oil paint, often having visible rough brush strokes which gave the appearance of being quickly painted. These original Impressionists artists were rejected by the government sponsored exhibitions, or salons, and began holding their own independent showRead MoreResting Revolutionaries: Castros Cuba Essay2892 Words   |  12 PagesCastro was the guiding hand that kept the regime in place and the people down, his staying was also heavily influenced by incidental social factors that kept Cubans occupied. Blaming colonialism and a long history of U.S. abuse, Castro built a narrative around an island that centered on the struggles of inspired revolutionaries with being dragged down by the burden of the hegemonic capitalist devil. In this blame game, Cuba and the former-Soviet Union found love. The Socialist bloc, rhetoricallyRead MoreOn the morning of November 4, 1979, revolutionary Muslim students overtook security at the United3200 Words   |  13 Pagesacknowledgement of American misconduct in Iran in exchange for the hostages. Negotiations were intense in part because Iran controlled 6.5% of the world’s oil supply and the Persian Gulf supplied 65%. If the Iranians moved to stop the flow of oil through the Strait of Hormuz there would be an international energy crisis. Likewise, if prices were simply raised like in the energy crisis of 1973 there would be intense economic stress both in the United States and internationally. 1979 endedRead MoreWas the Falklands War a Success or a Failure for Thatchers Administration?4841 Words   |  20 Pagesmore years of Thatcherism – which was to leave a lasting legacy. Additionally, since 1982 the Islands themselves have been economically transformed with revenues from fishing and oil pouring into the national purse. Indeed, on the surface, the conflict seems an unambiguous political triumph. However, such a simple narrative would distort the Falklands story. Critics have lambasted the conflict as an avoidable and tragic absurdity, arguing the huge physical, economic and emotional costs of war to beRead MoreSocial Media Has Become A Political Outlet For Civilians Of The Interconnected World2607 Words   |  11 Pagesneoliberalism (Joya, 2008). In April 2008, following a surge of rallies objecting low wages and high food prices led by workers in the state-run textile industry, the Egyptian authorities put its export of rice and cement on hold in order to meet the demands of local citizens (Joya, 2008). For nearly two decades, neoliberal developments in Egypt have steered Egyptian society to the edge of falling into deep societal crisis (Joya, 2008). In Egypt, one of the prominent representations of neoliberalismRead MoreIndian Fiscal Policy Impacts9621 Words   |  39 Pagescontinue at the same rate, without incurring additional debt. Literature Review Economic effects of fiscal policy Governments use fiscal policy to influence the level of aggregate demand in the economy, in an effort to achieve economic objectives of price stability, full employment, and economic growth. Keynesian economics suggests that increasing government spending and decreasing tax rates are the best ways to stimulate aggregate demand. This can be used in times of recession or low economic activityRead MoreUnited Arab of Emirates Country Notebook18844 Words   |  76 Pagesemirates, which are: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras Al-Khaimah, Ajman, Umm Al-Qaiwain, and Fujairah. They were united as a federal state on 2 December 1971 and formed the so called â€Å"United Arab Emirates†. Before the discovery of oil and establishment of the oil economy in the early 1960s, two main orientations shaped traditional local culture: the nomadic desert-oriented Bedouins with small oasis farming within the broader context of the desert economy and culture, and the sea-oriented culture

Basketball and the American Dream free essay sample

What does basketball have to do with the American dream? Basketball is a way of achieving the American dream. Trough basketball many people have achieved greatness( fame, and money), most people use basketball through the NBA or other organizations. Basketball is enjoyed by spectators all around the world because it gives people a common interest. Basketball is also enjoyed because it shows people enjoying the American dream and that can motivate people to chase their dreams, because basketball stars are usually the person you here about on the news in a rags to riches story, which can further inspire people. Basketball is a sport that shows team work and a common goal. Basketball also relates to the American dream because it is something people can relate to. Where has basketball been used in literature? Basketball has been used in literature many times, for example John Updike made a poem named â€Å"the ex-basketball player† it was a poem about how a man who was very good at basketball but never made it to the professional league and now works at a gas station. We will write a custom essay sample on Basketball and the American Dream or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is a good example of chasing the American dream, because even thou he failed he still attempted to be successful. Other examples include â€Å"basketball† by Patrick Michael Cassidy, in which he physically talks about being on the court and relates it to life, or â€Å"Buzzer beater blues† by Benjamin Steiner. What is basketball? Basketball is a team sport where 2 teams with 5 people on eace team try to score by throwing a ball in to the other team’s basket. This sport is a representation of togetherness and striving for the same goal. Where did basketball come from? This sport was created by Mr. Naismith. Mr. Naismith invented this sport when he was a teacher at International Young Men’s Christian Association Training School in Springfield, the physical education teacher asked him to invent a new indoor game, which could be played during the cold winter months in Massachusetts. He started working on the idea in December 1891. His ideas came from other sports he played as a child. Their favorite game â€Å"Duck on the Rock† involved one boy guarding the duck from the other boys throwing stones at the rock. What is the American dream? The American dream is the theory that all people can achieve success through hard work, and that all people can live full and happy lives. The idea of and American dream started before the U. S. was even discovered. It starts in the 1600s when people began to come up with all sorts of hopes and aspirations for the new and largely unexplored continent. Many of these dreams focused on owning land and establishing prosperous businesses which would theoretically generate happiness, and some people also incorporated ideals of religious freedom into their American Dreams. For people who believe in the American dream, anything is attainable through hard work. The concept plays on the idea that American is a classless society. American Dream may always remain out of reach for some Americans, making it more like a cruel joke than a genuine dream.

Non-Functional Requirement In Model-Driven - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: 1. Identify and briefly describe the functional and non-functional requirements for JHC's new information system. 2. Identify use cases and draw use case diagrams for JHC's new information system that show major use cases and actors. 3. Draw a UML domain model class diagrams for JHC's new information system. Be as specific and accurate as possible, given the information provided. If needed information is not given, make realistic assumptions. 4. Develop event-partitioned system models for JHC's new information system encompassing major use cases you identified in question 2. 5. Review the functional and non-functional requirements for JHC's new information system you have developed in question 1. Then, list and briefly describe some specific tasks required for each design activities of SDLC including describing the environment, designing application components, user interfaces, the database, and software methods. Answers: 1. Functional and Non-Functional Requirements: Functional Requirements: The functional requirements of James Healthcare Centre IS are as following. EMR: Electronic Medical Records is the way of storing the patient data within the system. It will hold all the details of the patient personal information along with treatment information. The reports of the tests done, dieses and many other data will be saved within EMR. It will allow monitoring data over time. EMR will be a significant entity in modifying the patient care as it will allow tracking how patients measure certain parameters like readings of blood pressure. Database: It will be the base of all the data stored within the system. From EMR to payroll all the data stored within a single centralized database. This database will be connected to the central system. Verification and validation methods will be implemented to check accuracy and liability of inputted data before storing it into database. CDSS: Clinical Decision Support System is the application for analyzing data for assisting healthcare providers for making clinical decisions. It is a part of the decision support system. The nurses, physicians and healthcare professionals of James Healthcare Centre will be using the CDSS for preparing a diagnosis and reviewing that diagnosis regarding enhancing the final outcome. The CDSS will be applying protocols to patient data utilizing an inference engine. This system will be showing the authorized information into the end user display. Data Mining: Data mining will be done by the organization Information System for evaluating the patient medical history in adjacent with the relevant clinical research. James Healthcare Centre will be using Data Mining with the purpose of recognizing the possible events range from disease symptoms to drug interaction. CPOE: Computerized physician order entry is the procedure of entering orders of medication into the system by medical professionals. James Healthcare Centre will be able to reduce the issues regarding poor handwriting and transcription related medical orders. The healthcare organization may be able to integrating the thought of implementing e-prescriptions through the development of COPE. Billing: The system will be able to automatically calculate the payment that the patient needs to pay. The system will provide the receipt of treatment to the patient with an auto generated bill before discharge. This bill will be containing all the data regarding patient treatment and cost for each process that the patient has undergone. Attendance Tracking: The system will be storing the attendance related data into the system for distinct staff. The system will access these data and show it to the intended end-user if request is submitted. Based on the attendance data, a report will be generated for the management executives. The system will be able to mark leaves and week offs as per admin input. Special verification methods will be applied to the attendance tracking subsystem. Audit: The system will be developed in such a way it can create audit reports based on the stored data. These audit reports will be formatted as a well-designed report for the organization stakeholders. Payroll: The system will be responsible for payroll of the medical and general staff. The system will have all the salary and other payroll related data. Some of the data will be inputted by the admin. The payroll will be the central process of the system. Appointment: The system will be scheduling appointments based on the patient input and attendance of medical staff. All the details of the appointment will be stored in the database. After an appointment, the patient can request for next appointment. Non-Functional Requirements: The non-functional requirements of the system are as following. Security: High security is a highly required feature of information system. The system will be storing the bank account details of the staff and patients. All the personal data of stakeholders will also be stored in the system. In such situation, the system must be able to prevent and block cyber-attacks. The increase in the DDoS attack in the recent year has created a serious issue in IT. James Healthcare Centre can employ a third party security provider so that attacks like DDoS, cyber espionage and others can be prevented. Various protocols will be implied on the end-users of the system to prevent security exploitation form inside. Availability: Availability is a significant feature of the proposed information system. If the system goes down all the process of James Healthcare Centre will be disrupted. The system must be able to provide support business 24*7 without any interruption. A special IT team will be hired to maintain the system functionality. If the system is not available, the health organization will be running process temporarily on the paper based work. The subsystems will be running individually. If one subsystem like appointment handling gets down, other processes will be running after the subsystem starts running all the data will be sent to the subsystem automatically. Usability: Usability refers to the feature of system that entails how easily the end users will be able to interact with the system. The system will be using different interfaces for different end-user types such as receptionists and management executives will be accessing the system through different interface. These interfaces will be designed as per data and functions required by the end-user. In order to increase the usability, the system development team will be taking feedbacks form the end-users and modify the interface. The interface will be showing only the required information to the user. In order to access different data, various buttons will be provided so that having all the data into one page does not confuse the user. Scalability: The scalability refers to the system capability of managing usage of resource. Managing resource usage is a significant way of cost saving. If the admission of patient is low then system does not need to use all the resources it needed during heavy admission. In such situation, the organization can reduce the amount of resource so that cost of running business process can be reduced. 2. Identification of Use Cases and Use Case Diagram: Figure 1: Use Case Diagram (Source: Created by Author) The use case diagram has been generate for capturing the dynamic aspect of the proposed system. At first the interaction between the system and end user has been identified. Based on the identified data, the use case diagram has been developed. 3. Domain Model Class Diagram: Domain model class diagram is considered as the static diagram. In order to visualize the static view of the proposed system, the designers will be using the class diagram. The responsibilities of the James Healthcare Centre can be seen in the figure 2. Figure 2: Domain Model Class Diagram (Source: Created by Author) 4.Event Based Partition System: Figure 3: Context Diagram (Source: Created by Author) Event partitioning is referred to an easy-to-apply method that assists the analyst/designer organizing requirements in terms of large systems like JHCs information system. 5. SDLC Phases: As per the functional requirement, the system is a complex IT product that has various subsystems within it. The project will also be a complex one so it is best for selecting a SDLC model that is able to handle complex project processes. The agile model is best suited for the development as its approach toward complex projects is very realistic. The model will be promoting team work and cross training. The partial work solutions will be beneficial to gather end-user feedback as mentioned in non-functional requirement named usability. The effort for planning the project is less than other SLDC models. The project team will be able to manage the processes easily. In order to work on a complex project that has various parts, flexibility for developers is very essential. The agile model provide the developers that amount of flexibility. The phases of agile models are pre-project planning, project initiation, construction iteration, end game, production and retirement. The insight of these phases in terms of JHC system development has been stated below. Figure 4: High Level SDLC Model (Source: Created by Author) Pre-project Planning: It is also known as the iteration-1, is consist of defining business processes opportunity, identifying a viable regarding the project and assessing the feasibility. JHC has a very good customer base and if it enhance it processes and implement IT infrastructure properly then having a better future is possible. The market opportunity is very suitable for JHC. The system will be able to handle patient request easily and quickly thus improving the customer satisfaction level. This way the healthcare organization will be able to attract potential customer. The stakeholders of the organization is looking forward to have a better atmosphere in the healthcare center where requests can be processed quickly and communication among the departments will be effective. As per the situation of JHC, implementing information system is the best strategy right now. The system will be able to lower the cost of busies process execution. Along with that, the system will be enhancin g the image of the healthcare center among the patients highly. Thus it can be stated that the system implementation is feasible in terms of technology, economy and social considerations. Project initiation: The project manager and project sponsor will be attending meeting with the stakeholders of the JHC to get permission for fund for the project. All the details of the project will be discussed within these meetings. The project manager along with Jack Carpenter will be employing team members. Jayden Greig will be approached after getting permission from the executive management team to buy equipment and setting the environment for the project. The project manager will be responsible for doing the project estimation. Construction Interactions: During this stage the project team will be developing high quality applications. The end-users will be providing feedback based on this working applications. The system developers will be developing the application based on the identified data by analysts and designers. After considering the feedback of the end-users, the application will be redeveloped. This will be a great way of ensuring quality of the system. The testing of the application is done in excessive manner in this phase. Emily Cox will be in charge of end-user evaluation process. Transition/End Game: This phase is the deployment phase of the project. The final testing of the system will be done after getting all the user feedback implemented into the system. The user documentation is created so the after deployment, the users can easily learn to access the system. The end-users will also be provided training. Production: The purpose of this phase is to keep the system running after deployment is complete within JHC environment. Retirement: The goal of the Retirement Phase is the removal of a system release from production, and occasionally even the complete system itself. Bibliography: Ameller, D., Franch, X., Gmez, C., Araujo, J., Svensson, R. B., Biffl, S., ... Moreira, A. (2015, August). Handling non-functional requirements in model-driven development: an ongoing industrial survey. In Requirements Engineering Conference (RE), 2015 IEEE 23rd International (pp. 208-213). IEEE. Chen, M., Tan, T. H., Sun, J., Liu, Y., Dong, J. S. (2014, May). Veriws: a tool for verification of combined functional and non-functional requirements of web service composition. In Companion Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Software Engineering (pp. 564-567). ACM. Dabbagh, M., Lee, S. P. (2014). An approach for integrating the prioritization of functional and nonfunctional requirements. The Scientific World Journal, 2014. Eckhardt, J., Vogelsang, A., Fernndez, D. M. (2016). Are" Non-functional" Requirements really Non-functional? An Investigation of Non-functional Requirements in Practice. In Software Engineering (ICSE), 2016 IEEE/ACM 38th International Conference on (pp. 832-842). IEEE. FanJiang, Y. Y., Syu, Y. (2014). Semantic-based automatic service composition with functional and non-functional requirements in design time: A genetic algorithm approach. Information and Software Technology, 56(3), 352-373. Fernandez-Saez, A. M., Genero, M., Chaudron, M. R., Caivano, D., Ramos, I. (2015). Are Forward Designed or Reverse-Engineered UML diagrams more helpful for code maintenance?: A family of experiments. Information and Software Technology, 57, 644-663. Hasan, M. M., Loucopoulos, P., Nikolaidou, M. (2014). Classification and qualitative analysis of non-functional requirements approaches. In Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling (pp. 348-362). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Karim, N. S. A., Albuolayan, A., Saba, T., Rehman, A. (2016). The practice of secure software development in SDLC: an investigation through existing model and a case study. Security and Communication Networks, 9(18), 5333-5345. Karim, N. S. A., Saba, T., Albuolayan, A. (2017). Analysis of software security model in scenario of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Journal of Engineering Technology (ISSN: 0747-9964), 6(2), 304-316. Li, F. L., Horkoff, J., Mylopoulos, J., Guizzardi, R. S., Guizzardi, G., Borgida, A., Liu, L. (2014, August). Non-functional requirements as qualities, with a spice of ontology. In Requirements Engineering Conference (RE), 2014 IEEE 22nd International (pp. 293-302). IEEE. Mc Hugh, M., McCaffery, F., Casey, V., Pikkarainen, M. (2017). Integrating agile practices with a medical device software development lifecycle. Nanthaamornphong, A., Carver, J., Morris, K., Filippone, S. (2015). Extracting uml class diagrams from object-oriented fortran: Foruml. Scientific Programming, 2015, 1. Rahman, M., Ripon, S. (2014). Elicitation and modeling non-functional Management requirements-a POS case study. arXiv preprint arXiv:1403.1936. Rastogi, V. (2015). Software Development Life Cycle Models-Comparison, Consequences. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, 6(1), 168-172. Raturi, A., Penzenstadler, B., Tomlinson, B., Richardson, D. (2014, June). Developing a sustainability non-functional requirements framework. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Green and Sustainable Software (pp. 1-8). ACM. Sharma, C., Sabharwal, S., Sibal, R. (2014). Applying genetic algorithm for prioritization of test case scenarios derived from UML diagrams. arXiv preprint arXiv:1410.4838.